TABLE OF CONTENTS 16 January 2001 Volume 134 Issue 2	Previous Issue  |  Next Issue

Ursodiol Use Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Colonic Neoplasia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Bruce Y. Tung, Mary J. Emond, Rodger C. Haggitt, Mary P. Bronner, Michael B. Kimmey, Kris V. Kowdley, and Teresa A. Brentnall

Ursodiol use appears to be associated with a lower frequency of colonic dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A randomized trial investigating the chemoprotective effect of ursodiol in patients with ulcerative colitis may be warranted.

Physical Activity and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Women

Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Caren Solomon, Simin Liu, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Walter C. Willett, and JoAnn E. Manson

Among diabetic women, increased physical activity, including regular walking, is associated with substantially reduced risk for cardiovascular events.

Combined Treatment of Giant-Cell Arteritis with Methotrexate and Prednisone: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Juan A. Jover, César Hernández-García, Inmaculada C. Morado, Emilio Vargas, Antonio Bañares, and Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez

Treatment with methotrexate plus corticosteroid is a safe alternative to corticosteroid therapy alone in patients with giant-cell arteritis and is more effective in controlling disease.

Tropheryma whippelii DNA Is Rare in the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients without Other Evidence of Whipple Disease

Matthias Maiwald, Axel von Herbay, David H. Persing, P. Shawn Mitchell, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Jill N. Thorvilson, David N. Fredricks, and David A. Relman

Tropheryma whippelii occurs only rarely in intestinal mucosa that lacks histopathologic evidence of Whipple disease. The human small intestinal mucosa is an unlikely reservoir for this organism.

The Relationship of Acute Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis to the Development of Cirrhosis in the Presence of Alcohol Abuse

D. Robert Harris, René Gonin, Harvey J. Alter, Elizabeth C. Wright, Zelma J. Buskell, F. Blaine Hollinger, Leonard B. Seeff for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group

Heavy alcohol abuse greatly exacerbates the risk for cirrhosis among patients with hepatitis C virus infection. This finding emphasizes the need to counsel such patients about their drinking habits.

Social Marketing: Application to Medical Education

Sean P. David and David S. Greer

The techniques of social marketing—goal identification, audience segmentation, and market research—have not been harnessed and applied to medical education. Social marketing can be applied to medical education in the effort to go beyond inoculation of learners with information and actually change behaviors.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Prevailing and Evolving Hypotheses about Its Pathogenesis and Implications for Therapy

Moisés Selman, Talmadge E. King, Jr., and Annie Pardo

This review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves abnormal wound healing in response to multiple, microscopic sites of ongoing alveolar epithelial injury or activation associated with the formation of patchy fibroblast–myofibroblast foci, which evolve to fibrosis.

Breaking the Camel's Back: Multicenter Clinical Trials and Local Institutional Review Boards

William J. Burman, Randall R. Reves, David L. Cohn, and Robert T. Schooley

The authors examine the problems underlying recent federal regulatory actions against institutional review boards.

Chemoprevention in Ulcerative Colitis: Narrowing the Gap between Clinical Practice and Research

Ernest T. Hawk and Jaye L. Viner

At present, it would be premature to offer ursodiol as a chemopreventive agent outside the context of a clinical trial. However, if the inverse association between ursodiol use and dysplasia prevalence described by Tung and colleagues in this issue is causal and true, it is a very exciting observation.

Institutional Review Boards: A Crisis in Confidence

Robert J. Levine

In this issue, Burman and coworkers identify the enormous increase in the number and complexity of multicenter randomized clinical trials as the root cause of the crisis in institutional review boards (IRBs). This editorial argues that although we must be concerned about the capabilities of IRBs to cope with multicenter trials, IRBs are not the major problem.

Indinavir, Zidovudine, Lamivudine: 3-Year Follow-up

Mark S. Dworkin and Pei-Chun T. Wan

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Treatment of Heroin Dependence

Joseph O. Merrill and Ron Jackson

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Cyclospora cayetanensis Cholecystitis in a Patient with AIDS

Miguel de Górgolas, Jose Fortés, and Manuel Luis Fernández Guerrero

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Conduction Disturbances Associated with Venlafaxine

Alain Combes, Gilles Peytavin, and David Théron

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Medical Writings: Book Notes 

Expert Guide to Oncology

Andrea Eisen

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Life Choices: A Hastings Center Introduction to Bioethics

Stuart G. Finder

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Current Clinical Issues  

Reporting Standards and the Transparency of Trials

Aaron Levin

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Ancillary Content 

Medical Notices

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Book Listings

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Summaries for Patients 

Ursodiol Is Associated with Fewer Precancerous Abnormalities of the Colon in Certain Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

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Physical Activity and the Risk for Heart Disease and Stroke in Women with Diabetes

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Combining Methotrexate with Prednisone To Treat Temporal Arteritis

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Tropheryma whippelii DNA Is Rare in the Intestines of Patients without Other Signs of Whipple Disease

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Relationship among Transfusion-Related Hepatitis C, Alcohol Abuse, and Cirrhosis

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UPDATES FROM THE ANNUAL SESSION 

Update in Preventive Medicine

Laurence H. Beck

This Update focuses on areas of primary prevention (influenza and modifications in diet and behavior) and secondary prevention (osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease).

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