Effects of Long-Term Selenium Supplementation on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

Research

• Related registered trials

  ClinicalTrials.gov (as of 7/1/2007):	Close
  •38 total trials 19 no longer recruiting patients Searched: selenium [TREATMENT]

Clinical Information

• ACP Journal Club

  ACP Journal Club (as of 7/2007):	Close
  3 unrelated citations (© - subscription required)
  • Searched 'selenium diabetes' restricted to therapeutics.

• NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
• PIER - selenium and diabetes are not discussed
• UpToDate - selenium and diabetes are not discussed

Patient Information

• MedlinePlus
• NIH Office of Dietary Supplements

Research

• Related published trials

  PubMed Clinical Queries (as of 7/1/2007):	Close
  123 articles found (free access to abstracts)
  Results include: 1. Wright ME et al. Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a large, randomized controlled trial. Cancer. 2007;109:891-8. PMID: 17265529 •  "The results do not provide support for a protective effect of vitamin E or beta-carotene supplementation on upper aerodigestive tract cancers, although beta-carotene supplementation may impact the incidence of some subtypes of laryngeal tumors." Searched "Antioxidants AND ("preventive health services"[mesh] OR (prevention[tiab] AND prevention[tiab])) " using PubMed's Clinical Queries ('intervention' category and 'narrow' scope)

• Related systematic reviews

  PubMed Clinical Queries (as of 7/1/2007):	Close
  43 citations (free access to abstracts)
  Results include : 1. Bjelakovic G et al. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;297:842-57. PMID: 17327526 • "Treatment with beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E may increase mortality. The potential roles of vitamin C and selenium on mortality need further study". 2. Huang HY et al. The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent cancer and chronic disease in adults: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:372-85. PMID: 16880453 - Full text •  "Evidence is insufficient to prove the presence or absence of benefits from use of multivitamin and mineral supplements to prevent cancer and chronic disease." Searched "Antioxidants AND ("preventive health services"[mesh] OR (primary[tiab] AND prevention[tiab])) " using PubMed's Clinical Queries (Systematic Reviews query)

Clinical Information

• ACP Journal Club

  ACP Journal Club (as of 7/2007):	Close
  25 citations (© - subscription required)
  Results include: 1. 2007 - Review: Antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention do not decrease mortality • "In healthy people or patients with chronic diseases, antioxidant supplements do not decrease mortality." 2. Other articles noted: 2006 - Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. • Per the authors "The evidence as to the effectiveness of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation in halting the progression of AMD comes mainly from one large trial in the USA. The generalisability of these findings to other populations with different nutritional status is not known. Further large, well-conducted randomised controlled trials in other populations are required. Long-term harm from supplementation cannot be ruled out.." • Searched 'antioxidants' restricted to therapeutics.

• Annals of Internal Medicine

  Annals of Internal Medicine (as of 7/1/2007):	Close
  11 citations (free access to abstracts)
  Results include : 1. Huang HY et al. The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent cancer and chronic disease in adults: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:372-85. PMID: 16880453 - Full text •  "Evidence is insufficient to prove the presence or absence of benefits from use of multivitamin and mineral supplements to prevent cancer and chronic disease." 2. Morris CD, Carson S. Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:56-70. PMID: 12834320 - Full text •  'Some good-quality cohort studies have reported an association between the use of vitamin supplements and lower risk for cardiovascular disease. Randomized, controlled trials of specific supplements, however, have failed to demonstrate a consistent or significant effect of any single vitamin or combination of vitamins on incidence of or death from cardiovascular disease' Searched "antioxidants" at Annals.org

• Cochrane Collaboration

  Cochrane Collaboration (as of 7/2007):	Close
  67 citations (free access)
  1. Evans JR. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD000254. PMID: 16625532 Searched PubMed for "antioxidants" using the Annals's search plugin for the Cochrane Collaboration via PubMed

• MKSAP

  MKSAP 14 (as of 12/2006):	Close
  From: General Internal Medicine - Eye Disorders (© - subscription required)
  "Antioxidants and zinc are appropriate for use in patients at high risk for advanced AMD (age-related macular degeneration).."

• PIER

  PIER (as of 5/30/2007):

  Close

  From Vitamins - Indications • Cardiovascular disease: The USPSTF concluded that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the use of supplements of vitamins A, C, or E; multivitamins with folic acid; or antioxidant combinations for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease. • Heart disease and vitamins E, C, and beta-carotene: The Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group randomly assigned adults to antioxidant supplementation (vitamin E, C, and beta-carotene) or placebo. The study failed to show any significant reductions in 5-year mortality or incidence of vascular disease or cancerncy.

• Practice Guidelines

  National Guidelines Clearinghouse (as of 7/2007):	Close
  9 guidelines found (free access)
  Results include: 1. Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease: recommendations and rationale • "The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the use of supplements of vitamins A, C, or E; multivitamins with folic acid; or antioxidant combinations for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease.." Searched National Guidelines Clearinghouse : • Keyword: antioxidants • Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence: Any method other than 'Not stated', 'Review', or 'Other' • Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations: Any method other than 'Not stated', 'Informal Consensus', or 'Other'.