How Much Did Biases in the Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Medications and Mortality Affect the Outcome?

  1. Takeharu Koga, MD, PhD;
  2. Tomoko Kamimura, MD, PhD; and
  3. Munetsugu Nishimura, MD
  1. From Asakura Medical Association Hospital, Raiharu, Asakura 838-0069, Japan.

    TO THE EDITOR:

    It is interesting to note that patients with COPD in the study by Lee and colleagues (1) who received ICSs had reduced mortality compared with those who received other types of medication. However, before we discuss the direct association of the …

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