Table of Contents

January 20, 2009; 150 (2)

Articles

  • Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction With and Without Knowledge of Genetic Variation at Chromosome 9p21.3

    • Nina P. Paynter,
    • Daniel I. Chasman,
    • Julie E. Buring,
    • Dov Shiffman,
    • Nancy R. Cook,
    • and Paul M. Ridker
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:65-72; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00003

    Paynter and colleagues compared cardiovascular risk prediction using a genetic variation at chromosome 9p21.3 plus conventional risk factors—such as family history of early cardiovascular disease, smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels—with risk prediction using conventional risk factors alone. Using a sample of 22 129 white, female health professionals observed for a median of 10 years, the investigators found that adding genetic information to conventional risk factors did not improve the accuracy of classifying cardiovascular risk.

  • Cost-Effectiveness of Using Pharmacogenetic Information in Warfarin Dosing for Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

    • Mark H. Eckman,
    • Jonathan Rosand,
    • Steven M. Greenberg,
    • and Brian F. Gage
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:73-83; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00005

    Eckman and coworkers evaluated the cost-effectiveness of genotype-guided warfarin dosing for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. For the standard base case (a man age 69 years with no contraindications to warfarin therapy and the current cost of genotyping of about $400), it costs $170 000 more per quality-adjusted life-year gained than standard warfarin dosing. At its current cost, routine genotyping before warfarin dosing is unlikely to be cost-effective.

  • High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration and Coronary Risk

    • Karim El Harchaoui,
    • Benoit J. Arsenault,
    • Remco Franssen,
    • Jean-Pierre Després,
    • G. Kees Hovingh,
    • Erik S.G. Stroes,
    • James D. Otvos,
    • Nicholas J. Wareham,
    • John J.P. Kastelein,
    • Kay-Tee Khaw,
    • and S. Matthijs Boekholdt
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:84-93; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00006

    High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in size and composition. This nested case–control study found that both HDL size and particle concentration were associated with risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Larger size was strongly associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome, such as triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels. Adjustment for those factors weakened the association, suggesting that they mediate the effect of HDL particle size on CAD risk. On the other hand, HDL particle concentration seems to be an independent predictor of CAD risk.

Academia and Clinic

  • Who Should Receive Life Support During a Public Health Emergency? Using Ethical Principles to Improve Allocation Decisions

    • Douglas B. White,
    • Mitchell H. Katz,
    • John M. Luce,
    • and Bernard Lo
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:132-138; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00011

    White and associates discuss the ethical principles that could guide allocation of scarce resources—including mechanical ventilators, critical care beds, and other potentially life-saving treatments—during a public health emergency. They propose an allocation strategy that incorporates several morally relevant considerations and argue for applying these principles to all patients.

Review

  • Narrative Review: Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    • Marion L. Vetter,
    • Serena Cardillo,
    • Michael R. Rickels,
    • and Nayyar Iqbal
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:94-103; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00007

    Nearly 30% of patients who undergo bariatric surgery have type 2 diabetes. Glycemic control improves rapidly after surgery for many of these patients. Gut peptides, including the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, as well as ghrelin and peptide YY, mediate the enteroinsular axis. Bariatric surgery alters secretion of these gut hormones, which results in enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity. Vetter and associates discuss the various bariatric procedures and how they alter the enteroinsular axis.

NIH Conferences

  • National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of Hepatitis B

    • Michael F. Sorrell,
    • Edward A. Belongia,
    • Jose Costa,
    • Ilana F. Gareen,
    • Jean L. Grem,
    • John M. Inadomi,
    • Earl R. Kern,
    • James A. McHugh,
    • Gloria M. Petersen,
    • Michael F. Rein,
    • Doris B. Strader,
    • and Hartwell T. Trotter
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:104-110; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00100

    Vaccines for hepatitis B virus have resulted in a substantial decline in the number of new cases of acute hepatitis B in the United States, but this success has not yet been duplicated worldwide. To more closely examine this topic, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Panel and others met to answer critical questions about the management of hepatitis B in adults. This consensus statement provides the Panel's answers to these questions.

  • Antiviral Therapy for Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference

    • Tatyana A. Shamliyan,
    • Roderick MacDonald,
    • Aasma Shaukat,
    • Brent C. Taylor,
    • Jian-Min Yuan,
    • James R. Johnson,
    • James Tacklind,
    • Indulis Rutks,
    • Robert L. Kane,
    • and Timothy J. Wilt
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:111-124; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00101

    This review supports the NIH consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B in adults. Shamliyan and colleagues synthesized the evidence about effectiveness of interferon therapy, oral therapy, and various combinations with different courses of treatment. They found insufficient evidence to assess treatment effect on clinical outcomes or to determine whether selected intermediate measures are reliable surrogates of the clinical response.

Clinical Guidelines

  • Screening for HIV in Health Care Settings: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association

    • Amir Qaseem,
    • Vincenza Snow,
    • Paul Shekelle,
    • Robert Hopkins, Jr.,
    • Douglas K. Owens,
    • and for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:125-131; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00300

    About 1 million U.S. persons are living with HIV/AIDS. In this guidance statement, the American College of Physicians' Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee presents the available evidence on screening for HIV in health care settings. The statement has been endorsed by the HIV Medicine Association. The College recommends that clinicians adopt routine screening for HIV, encourage patients to be tested, and determine the need for repeat screening on an individual basis.

Editorial

  • Personalized Genetic Prediction: Too Limited, Too Expensive, or Too Soon?

    • John P.A. Ioannidis
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:139-141; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00012

    Many common genetic variants associated with diseases have been identified, which has boosted expectations for personalized genetic prediction. In this issue, Paynter and colleagues confirm that the rs10757274 polymorphism is associated with incident cardiovacsular disease risk, but knowledge of its presence did not improve prediction of cardiovascular disease. In a separate article, Eckman and coworkers found that genotype-guided dosing based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 was not cost-effective for patients. These 2 articles suggest that the promise of personalized genetic prediction may be exaggerated and premature.

On Being a Doctor

  • Preparation

    • Anonymous
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:142-143; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00013

Letters

  • Could Performance-Enhancing Drugs Be Responsible for Small Pituitary Volume in Retired Boxers?

    • Daniel S. Berman
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:144; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00014

  • Could Performance-Enhancing Drugs Be Responsible for Small Pituitary Volume in Retired Boxers?

    • Fatih Tanriverdi,
    • Kursad Unluhizarci,
    • and Fahrettin Kelestimur
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:144; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00015

  • The Rise of the Term “Prehypertension”

    • Tom Marshall
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:145; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00016

  • The First Use of Penicillin in the United States

    • Andres G. Ortiz
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:145; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00017

  • The First Use of Penicillin in the United States

    • Jesse J. Waggoner
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:145-146; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00018

  • The First Use of Penicillin in the United States

    • Eric A. Jackson
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:146; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00019

  • Does Furosemide Have a Role in the Management of Hypercalcemia?

    • R. Brooks Robey,
    • James P. Lash,
    • and Jose A.L. Arruda
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:146-147; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00020

  • Does Furosemide Have a Role in the Management of Hypercalcemia?

    • Susan B. LeGrand
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:147; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00021

  • First Case Report of Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Tsukamurella pulmonis

    • Roger Maalouf,
    • Susanna B. Mierau,
    • Thomas A. Moore,
    • and Anand Kaul
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:147-148; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00022

  • Correction: Using Second-Generation Antidepressants to Treat Depressive Disorders

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:148; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00023

Current Clinical Issues

  • Will All Health Care Reform Lead Back to Medicaid?

    • Jennifer Fisher Wilson
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:149-151; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00024

Ad Libitum

  • Death Lessons

    • Clayton J. Baker
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:72; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00004

  • Penance

    • Jordan D. Grumet
    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:152; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00025

Medical Notices

  • Medical Notices

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:0; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-1-200901200-00026

Summaries for Patients

  • Does Measuring Genetic Variations at Chromosome 9p21.3 Help to Predict Cardiovascular Disease in Women?

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:I-36; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00001

  • Screening for HIV Infection in Health Care Settings: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:I-44; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00002

ACP Journal Club

  • Editorial: Applying evidence: What's the next action?

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-2; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02002

  • Rosuvastatin prevented major cardiovascular events in persons with elevated C-reactive protein

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-4; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02004

  • Review: Tight glucose control reduces septicemia, but not death, and increases hypoglycemia in critically ill adults

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-5; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02005

  • Review: Inhaled anticholinergics increase risk for major cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-6; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02006

  • Tiotropium reduced exacerbations but not rate of FEV1 decline in patients with COPD using other respiratory medications

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-7; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02007

  • Aspirin and/or antioxidants did not prevent CV events in diabetes and peripheral arterial disease

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-8; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02008

  • Pioglitazone reduced liver injury and improved fasting glucose in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-9; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02009

  • Defibrillator therapy improved quality of life in CHF; amiodarone did not

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-10; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02010

  • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-11; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02011

  • Laparoscopic surgery was more effective than medical management for chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-12; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02012

  • Alteplase given 3 to 4.5 hours after stroke reduced disability and improved global outcome

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-13; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02013

  • Immediate and delayed acupuncture reduced frequency and pain intensity of primary migraine or tension-type headaches

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-14; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02014

  • Arthroscopic surgery provided no added benefit to optimized physical and medical therapy in knee osteoarthritis

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-15; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02015

  • Glossary

    Ann Intern Med January 20, 2009 150:JC1-16; doi:10.1059/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02016
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This Issue

January 20, 2009; 150 (2)
  1. Articles
  2. Academia and Clinic
  3. Review
  4. NIH Conferences
  5. Clinical Guidelines
  6. Editorial
  7. On Being a Doctor
  8. Letters
  9. Current Clinical Issues
  10. Ad Libitum
  11. Medical Notices
  12. Summaries for Patients
  13. ACP Journal Club

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