Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Treatments for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

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   Appendix Figure 1. Study flow diagram.

   AUA = American Urological Association; RCT = randomized, controlled trial; RP = radical prostatectomy.
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   Figure 1. Overall survival at time points, by treatment, from nonrandomized studies.

   The symbol size is proportional to the number of patients: <50, 50–150, 150–300, or >300. Brachy = brachytherapy; C-EBRT = conformal external-beam radiation therapy, EBRT = external-beam radiation therapy; RP = radical prostatectomy; WW = watchful waiting.
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   Figure 2. Complications of brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, external-beam radiation therapy, conformal external-beam radiation therapy, nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, and watchful waiting from nonrandomized studies.

   The symbol size is proportional to the number of patients: <50, 50–150, 150–300, or >300.
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   Appendix Figure 2. Biochemical progression–free survival after cryotherapy or high-intensity focused ultrasonography among patients in nonrandomized clinical trials and case series.

   *Combined with transurethral resection of the prostate.
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   Appendix Figure 3. Clinical outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, or intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

   PSA = prostate-specific antigen.