The Effect of the Medicare Part D Prescription Benefit on Drug Utilization and Expenditures

Figure 3.
Figure 3. Trends in out-of-pocket expenditures, by Part D enrollment.

Top. Trends in average monthly out-of-pocket costs. Bottom. Trends in factual out-of-pocket costs versus counterfactual costs associated with no implementation of Part D. GEE = generalized estimating equation.

This Article

  1. Published online before print January 7, 2008, Ann Intern Med February 5, 2008 vol. 148 no. 3 169-177
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