Meta-Analysis: Obesity and the Risk for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Its Complications

  1. Howard Hampel, MD, PhD;
  2. Neena S. Abraham, MD, MSc(Epi); and
  3. Hashem B. El-Serag, MD, MPH
  1. From the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
    1. Figure 1.
      View larger version:
        Figure 1. Adjusted odds ratios for the association of overweight (body mass index 25 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2) and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (top) and for the association between obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (bottom).
      • Figure 2.
        View larger version:
          Figure 2. Adjusted odds ratios from cross-sectional and case–control studies examining the association between overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and erosive esophagitis.
        • Figure 3.
          View larger version:
            Figure 3. Adjusted odds ratios from case–control studies examining the association between overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (top) and the association between obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (bottom).
          • Appendix Figure 1. Normal weight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m for all studies, except for the study by Locke and colleagues (BMI < 24 kg/m ) . Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m to 30 kg/m for all studies, except for Locke and colleagues' study (BMI, 24 to 30 kg/m ) and Wu and colleagues' study (BMI, 25 kg/m to 28 kg/m ) . Obese is defined as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m for all studies, except Wu and colleagues' study (BMI > 28 kg/m ) . Pooled weighted odds ratios are also given for overweight and obesity (that is, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m compared with BMI < 25 kg/m ).
            View larger version:
              Appendix Figure 1. Normal weight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m for all studies, except for the study by Locke and colleagues (BMI < 24 kg/m ) . Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m to 30 kg/m for all studies, except for Locke and colleagues' study (BMI, 24 to 30 kg/m ) and Wu and colleagues' study (BMI, 25 kg/m to 28 kg/m ) . Obese is defined as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m for all studies, except Wu and colleagues' study (BMI > 28 kg/m ) . Pooled weighted odds ratios are also given for overweight and obesity (that is, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m compared with BMI < 25 kg/m ). Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms among overweight (top) and obese (bottom) versus normal-weight individuals.22(23)222(23)22(27)22(27)22
            • Appendix Figure 2.
              View larger version:
                Appendix Figure 2. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) from cross-sectional and case–control studies examining the risk for erosive esophagitis among overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) versus normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals.
              • Appendix Figure 3.
                View larger version:
                  Appendix Figure 3. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) from case–control studies examining the association between overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastric cardia.

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                1. Ann Intern Med August 2, 2005 vol. 143 no. 3 199-211
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