Effectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy and Exercise in Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Figure 1. Lower scores indicate perceived improvement in pain, stiffness, and function. Black circles represent the treatment
group; white circles represent the placebo group. Among patients who completed the study, those in the treatment group had
a greater average improvement in WOMAC scores compared with placebo recipients by week 8 ( < 0.001). WOMAC = Western Ontario
and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Average WOMAC scores at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.P
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Ann Intern Med
February 1, 2000
vol. 132
no. 3
173-181