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Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
- Kenneth J. Pienta, MD; and
- Peggy S. Esper, MSN
- From the Meyer L. Prentis Comprehensive Cancer Center of Metropolitan Detroit, The Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Requests for Reprints: Kenneth J. Pienta: Room 213, Michigan Cancer Foundation, 110 E. Warren, Detroit, MI 48201. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Drs. Ray Demers, Linda Smith, and Judy Karp for their critical review and R. Demers, L. Smith, and T.Y. Kao for contribution of the metropolitan Detroit 1991 SEER data. Grant Support: In part by the Wayne State University Fund for Medical Research and Education and through National Cancer Institute SEER contract NO1-CN-05225. Dr. Pienta is supported by Physician Scientist Award CA 60156.
Abstract
Purpose: To review the current state of knowledge regarding risk factors for prostate cancer.
Data Sources: Analysis of the literature through the use of MEDLINE as well as identification of papers through review of article bibliographies and the authors' personal files. Current data were also extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database.
Data Selection: A review of risk factors for the development of prostate cancer. Emphasis was placed on identifying larger, controlled studies.
Data Synthesis: The clinical incidence of prostate cancer is increasing. Risk factors for prostate cancer appear to include age, race, positive family history, vasectomy, and dietary fat intake.
Conclusions: It appears that prostate cancer results from an interplay between endogenous hormones and environmental influences that include, most prominently, dietary fat.
- Copyright 2004 by the American College of Physicians
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