Surviving Adult Cancers. Part 2: Psychosocial Implications

Abstract

Purpose: To address the psychosocial implications of surviving adult cancers by a comprehensive review of the literature.

Data Identification: An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1970 to 1988), Index Medicus (1970 to 1988), and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles.

Study Selection: Of 103 originally identified articles, 58 that specifically addressed the stated purpose were selected.

Data Extraction: Four authors reviewed and critiqued the literature extrapolating the major themes on this topic.

Results of Data Synthesis: There is little information on the many psychosocial variables that affect an adult's long-term cancer survival trajectory. Collation of data identified the following significant psychosocial themes: fear of recurrence and death, relationships with the health care team, adjustment to physical compromise, alterations in customary social support, isolationism, psychosocial reorientation, and employment and insurance problems.

Conclusions: The continuation of a rehabilitation effort begun around the initial diagnosis of cancer would be instrumental in providing post-therapy evaluation and guidance needed by adult long-term survivors of cancer. Education, research, and support interventions need to be mobilized for this population of adults with a history of cancer.