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Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.
SUMMARIES FOR PATIENTS
Diagnosis of Suspected Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis Using D-Dimer and Compression Ultrasonography
7 December 2004 | Volume 141 Issue 11 | Page I-46
Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians.
The summary below is from the full report titled "Negative D-Dimer Result To Exclude Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Management Trial." It is in the 7 December 2004 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 141, pages 839-845). The authors are S.W. Rathbun, T.L. Whitsett, and G.E. Raskob.
What is the problem and what is known about it so far?
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs when blood clots form in the large veins of the legs. Patients with DVT require treatment with blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help dissolve the clots. Before starting treatment with anticoagulants, doctors must be certain that the diagnosis of DVT is correct because these drugs, although appropriate for treatment of DVT, can also cause serious bleeding. Researchers have proven that several tests are reliable for diagnosing DVT when the condition occurs for the first time. However, after the condition has occurred once, the tests can be much less reliable for diagnosing a recurrence. Some of the changes caused by the first episode do not resolve promptly and may falsely indicate that a new clot has formed. As many as two thirds of patients with a suspected recurrence of DVT actually do not have new clots. To avoid treating patients unnecessarily, doctors often perform many confirmatory tests. Recently, researchers have observed that a test known as Ddimer will produce positive results in patients with active clots but not in patients who do not have DVT.
Why did the researchers do this particular study?
To determine whether it was safe to withhold anticoagulant therapy from patients who were suspected of having recurrent DVT but who had a negative Ddimer result.
Who was studied?
300 patients with a confirmed history of DVT and symptoms suggestive of recurrent DVT.
What did the researchers do?
All patients in the study had Ddimer testing. If the D-dimer result was negative, no additional tests were performed and no anticoagulation with heparin was given, regardless of the patient's symptoms. If the D-dimer result was positive, additional tests were performed and patients were treated appropriately. Patients were reevaluated if they later developed symptoms suggestive of another episode of DVT. After 3 months, the researchers reevaluated the patients to see whether they had had DVT during that time.
What did the researchers find?
134 patients had negative D-dimer results and were not treated. During the 3-month follow-up period, 11 patients with negative D-dimer results had symptoms suggestive of recurrent DVT and came back for additional testing. One of the 11 patients had a confirmed blood clot and died. Of the remaining 10 patients, additional testing ruled out recurrent blood clots in 4. Additional testing was inconclusive in another 5. One patient with recurrent symptoms did not have additional testing.
What are the limitations of the study?
Because of the uncertainty of diagnosis in several cases, this study does not provide an exact estimate of the incidence of recurrent blood clots in the follow-up group.
What are the implications of this study?
It seems to be safe to withhold anticoagulant medication in a large proportion of patients with suspected recurrent DVT if the D-dimer result is negative.
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W.-S. Chan, S. Chunilal, A. Lee, M. Crowther, M. Rodger, and J. S. Ginsberg A Red Blood Cell Agglutination D-Dimer Test to Exclude Deep Venous Thrombosis in Pregnancy Ann Intern Med, August 7, 2007; 147(3): 165 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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