 |
 |
|
Home |
Current Issue |
Past Issues |
In the Clinic |
ACP Journal Club |
CME |
Collections |
Audio/Video |
Mobile |
Subscribe |
Tools |
Help |
ACP Online
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.
SUMMARIES FOR PATIENTS
Smoking and Kidney Function in Persons without Diabetes
17 October 2000 | Volume 133 Issue 8 | Page I-33
Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician.
The summary below is from the full report titled "Smoking Is Related to Albuminuria and Abnormal Renal Function in Nondiabetic Persons." It is in the 17 October 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 585-591). The authors are SJ Pinto-Sietsma, J Mulder, WMT Janssen, HL Hillege, D de Zeeuw, and PE de Jong.
What is the problem and what is known about it so far?
It is known that persons with diabetes who smoke tobacco develop diabetes-related kidney disease sooner than those who do not, and kidney disease worsens more quickly in diabetic persons who smoke. Little is known, however, about the effect of smoking on kidney function in people without diabetes.
Why did the researchers do this particular study?
To examine whether tobacco smoking is related to problems with kidney function in persons who do not have diabetes.
Who was studied?
Nearly 8000 persons who were participating in the PREVEND (Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd stage Disease) Study, a large study in the Netherlands that is exploring ways to prevent kidney disease. To be in the PREVEND Study, people had to be 28 to 75 years old, live in the city of Groningen, send in a urine sample, and fill out a short questionnaire.
How was the study done?
The researchers divided the 7746 participants into four groups: those who had never smoked, those who currently smoked 20 or fewer cigarettes per day, those who currently smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day, and those who had quit smoking more than 1 year ago. All of the participants underwent special tests of kidney function. One test looked at the amount of a substance called albumin in the urine (albuminuria), and another test measured how quickly another substance, creatinine, appeared in the urine (creatinine clearance). Higher levels of albumin in the urine and lower creatinine clearance indicate worse kidney function.
What did the researchers find?
Compared with nonsmokers, both light and heavy current smokers had more albuminuria and lower creatinine clearance, indicating worse kidney function. These differences remained even after the researchers accounted for blood pressure and several other factors known to influence kidney function. Persons who had quit smoking had slightly higher albumin levels, indicating slightly abnormal kidney function, but the condition was much less severe than in current smokers.
What were the limitations of the study?
Although this study showed that kidney function is worse in smokers than in nonsmokers, it did not follow study participants over time to see who actually became ill because of kidney problems. In addition, it is not known whether the relationship between smoking and kidney function would be the same in people from other geographic areas.
What are the implications of the study?
Smoking is associated with worse kidney function even in persons who do not have diabetes.
Related articles in Annals:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Kronborg, M. Solbu, I. Njolstad, I. Toft, B. O. Eriksen, and T. Jenssen Predictors of change in estimated GFR: a population-based 7-year follow-up from the Tromso study Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2008; 23(9): 2818 - 2826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Obermayr, C. Temml, M. Knechtelsdorfer, G. Gutjahr, J. Kletzmayr, S. Heiss, A. Ponholzer, S. Madersbacher, R. Oberbauer, and R. Klauser-Braun Predictors of new-onset decline in kidney function in a general middle-european population Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2008; 23(4): 1265 - 1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nguyen, C. McCulloch, P. Brakeman, A. Portale, and C.-y. Hsu Being Overweight Modifies the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Microalbuminuria in Adolescents Pediatrics, January 1, 2008; 121(1): 37 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Orth and S. I. Hallan Smoking: A Risk Factor for Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Renal Patients Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence? Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(1): 226 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Foster, S.-J. Hwang, M. G. Larson, N. I. Parikh, J. B. Meigs, R. S. Vasan, T. J. Wang, D. Levy, and C. S. Fox Cross-Classification of Microalbuminuria and Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate: Associations Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Arch Intern Med, July 9, 2007; 167(13): 1386 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Narkiewicz Second-hand smoke--a license to kill due to expire Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2007; 22(6): 1508 - 1511. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Norris, T. Greene, J. Kopple, J. Lea, J. Lewis, M. Lipkowitz, P. Miller, A. Richardson, S. Rostand, X. Wang, et al. Baseline Predictors of Renal Disease Progression in the African American Study of Hypertension and Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2006; 17(10): 2928 - 2936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Shankar, R. Klein, and B. E. K. Klein The Association among Smoking, Heavy Drinking, and Chronic Kidney Disease Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 164(3): 263 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Nitsch, D. F. Dietrich, A. von Eckardstein, J.-M. Gaspoz, S. H. Downs, P. Leuenberger, J.-M. Tschopp, O. Brandli, R. Keller, M. W. Gerbase, et al. Prevalence of renal impairment and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a general population: results of the Swiss SAPALDIA study Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2006; 21(4): 935 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Brantsma, S. J.L. Bakker, D. de Zeeuw, P. E. de Jong, R. T. Gansevoort, and for the PREVEND Study Group Urinary Albumin Excretion as a Predictor of the Development of Hypertension in the General Population J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2006; 17(2): 331 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D.C., L. D.F., W. J., H. D., Y. X, T. J., B. K., S. M., D. P., L. R., et al. Accessory Renal Arteries--Mostly, But Not Always, Innocuous: Renin-Dependent Hypertension Caused by Nonfocal Stenotic Aberrant Renal Arteries--Proof of a New Syndrome. Hypertension 46: 380-385, 2005 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2006; 17(1): 3 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. F. Mitchell, J. A. Vita, M. G. Larson, H. Parise, M. J. Keyes, E. Warner, R. S. Vasan, D. Levy, and E. J. Benjamin Cross-Sectional Relations of Peripheral Microvascular Function, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Aortic Stiffness: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, December 13, 2005; 112(24): 3722 - 3728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Jones-Burton, S. L. Seliger, J. Brown, L. Stackiewicz, V. Doren Hsu, and J. C. Fink Racial variations in erythropoietic response to epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease and the impact of smoking Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2005; 20(12): 2739 - 2745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shlipak and C. Stehman-Breen Observational Research Databases in Renal Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2005; 16(12): 3477 - 3484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nanez, N. F. Alejandro, M. H. Falahatpisheh, J. K. Kerzee, J. B. Roths, and K. S. Ramos Disruption of glomerular cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in hydrocarbon nephropathy Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): F1291 - F1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Jee, L. E. Boulware, E. Guallar, I. Suh, L. J. Appel, and E. R. Miller III Direct, Progressive Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Incident Proteinuria: Results From the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) Study Arch Intern Med, October 24, 2005; 165(19): 2299 - 2304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Brantsma, S. J.L. Bakker, H. L. Hillege, D. de Zeeuw, P. E. de Jong, R. T. Gansevoort, and the PREVEND Study Group Urinary Albumin Excretion and Its Relation With C-Reactive Protein and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2005; 28(10): 2525 - 2530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Pascual, E. Rodilla, C. Gonzalez, S. Perez-Hoyos, and J. Redon Long-Term Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure and Glycemia on the Development of Microalbuminuria in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1125 - 1130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Stuveling, S. J. L. Bakker, H. L. Hillege, P. E. de Jong, R. O. B. Gans, and D. de Zeeuw Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2005; 20(3): 497 - 508. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Verhave, R. T. Gansevoort, H. L. Hillege, D. de Zeeuw, G. C. Curhan, and P. E. de Jong Drawbacks of the Use of Indirect Estimates of Renal Function to Evaluate the Effect of Risk Factors on Renal Function J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2004; 15(5): 1316 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Fox, M. G. Larson, E. P. Leip, B. Culleton, P. W. F. Wilson, and D. Levy Predictors of New-Onset Kidney Disease in a Community-Based Population JAMA, February 18, 2004; 291(7): 844 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Orth Effects of Smoking on Systemic and Intrarenal Hemodynamics: Influence on Renal Function J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2004; 15(90010): S58 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Wilmer, B. H. Rovin, C. J. Hebert, S. V. Rao, K. Kumor, and L. A. Hebert Management of Glomerular Proteinuria: A Commentary J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2003; 14(12): 3217 - 3232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Murtaugh, D. R. Jacobs Jr., X. Yu, M. D. Gross, and M. Steffes Correlates of Urinary Albumin Excretion in Young Adult Blacks and Whites: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2003; 158(7): 676 - 686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bruno, F. Merletti, A. Biggeri, G. Bargero, S. Ferrero, G. Pagano, and P. C. Perin Progression to Overt Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: The Casale Monferrato Study Diabetes Care, July 1, 2003; 26(7): 2150 - 2155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Flack, R. Peters, T. Shafi, H. Alrefai, S. A. Nasser, and E. Crook Prevention of Hypertension and Its Complications: Theoretical Basis and Guidelines for Treatment J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2003; 14(90002): S92 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. de Jong, H. L. Hillege, S. J. Pinto-Sietsma, and D. de Zeeuw Screening for microalbuminuria in the general population: a tool to detect subjects at risk for progressive renal failure in an early phase? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2003; 18(1): 10 - 13. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. D. Rea, S. R. Heckbert, R. C. Kaplan, N. L. Smith, R. N. Lemaitre, and B. M. Psaty Smoking Status and Risk for Recurrent Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction Ann Intern Med, September 17, 2002; 137(6): 494 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Orth Smoking and the Kidney J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2002; 13(6): 1663 - 1672. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Remuzzi, P. Ruggenenti, and N. Perico Chronic Renal Diseases: Renoprotective Benefits of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition Ann Intern Med, April 16, 2002; 136(8): 604 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Mehler and R. Estacio Smoking and Abnormalities in Renal Function Ann Intern Med, July 3, 2001; 135(1): 67 - 67. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Jay Smoking and Abnormalities in Renal Function Ann Intern Med, July 3, 2001; 135(1): 67 - 68. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Article
