Figure 4. Cause-specific contribution to gain in life expectancy during the period before and after the introduction of national health insurance (NHI).

HCG = health class group. Results are based on a modified cause–deletion life-table method, which assumes independence for each cause of death. Not all possible causes of death are included. Bars extending below the horizontal axis indicate that deaths from those causes contributed to reduced life expectancy, whereas bars extending above the horizontal axis contributed to improved life expectancy.

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