Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women with Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis

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Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women with Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis

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Table 1. Risk Groups for Likelihood of Fracture*

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Figure 1. Study flow diagram.

PTH = parathyroid hormone; SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator. *Articles are not mutually exclusive.

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Table 2. Effect of Agents on Fracture Risk Reduction Compared with Placebo, by Agent*

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Figure 2. Risk for vertebral fractures relative to placebo for participants who are at high risk for fracture, by agent.

PTH = parathyroid hormone; SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator. *Pooled risk estimate from cited meta-analysis or systematic review. ${dagger}$ Pooled risk estimate calculated by authors; restricted to studies with >12 months of follow-up. ${ddagger}$ Risk estimate calculated from cited individual studies. $§$ Insufficient data to calculate risk.

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Figure 3. Risk for nonvertebral fractures relative to placebo for participants who are at high risk for fracture, by agent.

NR = not reported; PTH = parathyroid hormone; SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator. *Pooled risk estimate from cited meta-analysis or systematic review. ${dagger}$ Pooled risk estimate calculated by authors; restricted to studies with >12 months of follow-up. ${ddagger}$ Risk estimate calculated from cited individual studies. $§$ Insufficient data to calculate risk.

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Figure 4. Risk for hip fractures relative to placebo for participants who are at high risk for fracture, by agent.

NR = not reported; PTH = parathyroid hormone; SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator. *Pooled risk estimate from cited meta-analysis or systematic review. ${dagger}$ Insufficient data to calculate risk. ${ddagger}$ Risk estimate calculated from cited individual studies.

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Appendix Figure 1. Risk for vertebral fracture relative to placebo for participants who are not at high risk for fracture, by agent. ${webonly}$

NR = not reported; PTH = parathyroid hormone; SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator; WHI = Women's Health Initiative. *Pooled risk estimate from cited meta-analysis or systematic review. ${dagger}$ Insufficient data to calculate risk. ${ddagger}$ Risk estimate calculated from cited individual studies.

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Appendix Figure 2. Risk for nonvertebral fracture relative to placebo for participants who are not at high risk for fracture, by agent. ${webonly}$

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Appendix Figure 3. Risk for hip fracture relative to placebo for participants who are not at high risk for fracture, by agent. ${webonly}$

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Appendix Table. Pooled Risk for Adverse Events for Bisphosphonates Compared with Placebo, by Agent* ${webonly}$