Meta-Analysis: Obesity and the Risk for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Its Complications

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Adjusted odds ratios for the association of overweight (body mass index 25 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2) and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (top) and for the association between obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (bottom).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Adjusted odds ratios from cross-sectional and case–control studies examining the association between overweight or obesity (body mass index 25 kg/m2) and erosive esophagitis.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Adjusted odds ratios from case–control studies examining the association between overweight (body mass index 25 kg/m2) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (top) and the association between obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (bottom).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Appendix Figure 1. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms among overweight (top) and obese (bottom) versus normal-weight individuals. Normal weight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2 for all studies, except for the study by Locke and colleagues (BMI < 24 kg/m2) (23). Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2 for all studies, except for Locke and colleagues' study (BMI, 24 to 30 kg/m2) (23) and Wu and colleagues' study (BMI, 25 kg/m2 to 28 kg/m2) (27). Obese is defined as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 for all studies, except Wu and colleagues' study (BMI > 28 kg/m2) (27). Pooled weighted odds ratios are also given for overweight and obesity (that is, BMI 25 kg/m2 compared with BMI < 25 kg/m2).

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Appendix Figure 2. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) from cross-sectional and case–control studies examining the risk for erosive esophagitis among overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2) versus normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Appendix Figure 3. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) from case–control studies examining the association between overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastric cardia.