Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Update of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure. Estimated yield of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing or with PSA testing and digital rectal examination (DRE). The number of cancer cases detected would be smaller after repeated annual screening. * For men in their 50s, n = 50; for men in their 70s, n = 270. For men in their 50s, n = 150; for men in their 70s, n = 400. For men in their 50s, n = 17; for men in their 70s, n = 90. For men in their 50s, n = 30; for men in their 70s, n = 100. ||For men in their 50s, n = 12; for men in their 70s, n = 63. ¶ For men in their 50s, n = 21; for men in their 70s, n = 70. In all footnotes, numbers are approximate.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Appendix (Figure 1). Analytic framework for screening for prostate cancer. Arrows represent steps in the chain of logic connecting screening with reduced morbidity or mortality from prostate cancer. KQ = key question.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Appendix (Figure 2). Selection of articles based on key question 1.Top. Direct evidence of screening efficacy. Bottom. Ecologic studies of screening efficacy. RCT = randomized, controlled trial.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Appendix (Figure 3). Selection of articles based on key question 2. Arrows represent steps in the chain of logic connecting screening with reduced morbidity or mortality from prostate cancer.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Appendix (Figure 4). Selection of articles based on key questions 3 through 6 (top) and top question 7 (bottom). Key questions 3 through 6 address health outcomes of treatment; key question 7 addresses harms of treatment. RCT = randomized, controlled trial.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Appendix 5. Selection of articles based on key questions 8 (top) and 9 (bottom). Key question 8 addresses costs and cost-effectiveness of screening, and key question 9 deals with the harms of screening.