*Sum may be greater than total number excluded because some studies had multiple reasons for exclusion. GH = growth hormone.

We used a random-effects model and a weighted mean difference effect size to compare growth hormone–treated and non–growth hormone–treated participants. The black diamond represents the summary effect size for the outcome of interest. Values greater than 0 indicate that results under growth hormone treatment were higher than those without growth hormone treatment. The studies are ordered by mean effect size. *Male; Female; High-dose group; Low-dose group.

We used a random-effects model and a weighted mean difference effect size to compare growth hormone–treated and non–growth hormone–treated participants. The black diamond represents the summary effect size for the outcome of interest. Values greater than 0 indicate that results under growth hormone treatment were higher than those without growth hormone treatment. The studies are ordered by mean effect size. 1RM = 1 repetition maximum.

We used a random-effects model and a weighted mean difference effect size to compare growth hormone–treated and non–growth hormone–treated participants. The black diamond represents the summary effect size for the outcome of interest. Values greater than 0 indicate that results under growth hormone treatment were higher than those without growth hormone treatment. The studies are ordered by mean effect size. RER = respiratory exchange rate; RQ = respiratory quotient. *Low-dose group; data obtained from reference 50; Low-dose growth hormone; High-dose growth hormone; data obtained from reference 50; High-dose growth hormone.