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REVIEW

Evaluation of 21st-Century Risks of Smallpox Vaccination and Policy Options

J. Michael Lane, MD, MPH, and Joel Goldstein, MD

18 March 2003 | Volume 138 Issue 6 | Pages 488-493

The United States stopped vaccinating against smallpox in 1972 because the risks were judged to outweigh the benefits. The possibility of a terrorist attack using smallpox has led to renewed interest in a vaccination program. Smallpox vaccination carries considerable risks, which may be of greater concern today than in the late 1960s because of the increased prevalence of immunosuppression and atopy in the population. This paper reviews the clinical presentations of major adverse events after vaccination and the rates of occurrence of these events observed in the 1960s. The normal dynamics of the spread of smallpox is slow, and usually only persons who have had close personal contact with an overtly ill patient are affected. There are several preattack vaccination policy options, but immunization of medical workers, especially those who might have close contact with infected patients, is sufficient in the absence of a known threat of a bioterrorist attack or the identification of a smallpox-infected person.

Author and Article Information

From Atlanta, Georgia, and Morrow, Georgia.

Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest:Consultancies: J.M. Lane (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Acambis, and Dynport).

Requests for Single Reprints: J. Michael Lane, MD, MPH, 869 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30307-1223.

Current Author Addresses: Dr. Lane: 869 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30307-1223.

Dr. Goldstein: The Children's Clinic, 1000 Corporate Center Drive, Morrow, GA 30260.

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