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6 November 2001 | Volume 135 Issue 9 | Pages 812-824
Because congenital ventricular septal defects are of different sizes and locations, their clinical presentation, natural history, and treatment vary greatly. This review discusses the different types of ventricular septal defects commonly seen in adults in the authors' experience and in published literature. Ventricular septal defects are either isolated small defects or larger defects associated with pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, or aortic regurgitation. These associations play an important role in the pathophysiologic consequences of the defect, its long-term complications, and treatment options. Knowledge of the different clinical presentations in adulthood and the specific features pertinent to these defects will help in the assessment and the care of adult patients with one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations.
Author and Article Information
From the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.
Acknowledgment: The authors thank Becky Hendrickson for technical support.
Requests for Single Reprints: Naser M. Ammash, MD, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Ammash and Warnes: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. REVIEW
Ventricular Septal Defects in Adults
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