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15 June 1998 | Volume 128 Issue 12 Part 1 | Pages 989-995
Background: Widespread antibiotic use has been associated with increases in both bacterial resistance and nosocomial infection.
Objective: To characterize the impact of hospital-wide clindamycin restriction on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and on antimicrobial prescribing practices.
Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.
Setting: University-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
Patients: Hospitalized patients with symptomatic diarrhea.
Measurements: Clinical data on individual patients and data on antibiotic use were obtained from hospital pharmacy records. Hospital-wide use of antimicrobial agents was monitored. Isolates of C. difficile underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing.
Results: An outbreak of C. difficile-associated diarrhea was caused by a clonal isolate of clindamycin-resistant C. difficile and was associated with increased use of clindamycin. Hospital-wide requirement of approval by an infectious disease consultant of clindamycin use led to an overall reduction in clindamycin use, a sustained reduction in the mean number of cases of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (11.5 cases/month compared with 3.33 cases/month; P < 0.001), and an increase in clindamycin susceptibility among C. difficile isolates (9% compared with 61%; P < 0.001). A parallel increase was noted in the use of and costs associated with other antibiotics with antianaerobic activity, including cefotetan, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and imipenem-cilastin. The hospital realized overall cost savings as a result of the decreased incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
Conclusions: Hospital formulary restriction of clindamycin is an effective way to decrease the number of infections due to C. difficile. It can also lead to a return in clindamycin susceptibility among isolates and can effect cost savings to the hospital.
Author and Article Information
From Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical College of Virginia, and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
ARTICLE
Hospital-wide Restriction of Clindamycin: Effect on the Incidence of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea and Cost
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Pat Carlson, PhD, for technical assistance and Dolores Grub for gathering hospital pharmacy cost data.
Requests for Reprints: Michael Climo, MD, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Section 111C, Richmond, VA 23249.
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Climo, Wong, and Williams: Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Section 111C, Richmond, VA 23249.
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