Market Influences on Internal Medicine Residents' Decisions To Subspecialize

1 June 1998 | Volume 128 Issue 11 | Pages 915-921

Background: Managed care reduces the demand for internal medicine subspecialists, but little empirical information is available on how increasing managed care may be affecting residents' training choices.

Objective: To determine whether increased managed care penetration into an area where residents train was associated with a decreased likelihood that residents who completed general internal medicine training pursued subspecialty training.

Design: Secondary logistic regression analysis of data from the 1993 cohort of general internal medicine residents.

Setting: U.S. residency training sites.

Participants: 2263 U.S. medical school graduates who completed general internal medicine residency training in 1993.

Measurements: The outcome variable (enrollment in subspecialty training) was derived from the Graduate Medical Education Tracking Census of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration (possible range, 0.0 to 1.0; higher values indicate greater penetration) was taken from the Interstudy Competitive Edge Database. Individual and medical school covariates were taken from the AAMC's Student and Applicant Information Management System database and the National Institutes of Health Information for Management Planning, Analysis, and Coordination system. The U.S. Census division was included as a control covariate.

Results: 980 participants (43%) enrolled in subspecialty training. Logistic regression analyses indicated a nonlinear association between managed care penetration into a training area and the odds of subspecialization. Increasing managed care penetration was associated with decreasing odds of subspecialization when penetration exceeded 0.15. The choice of subspecialty training increased as HMO penetration increased from 0 to 0.15.

Conclusions: Local market forces locally influenced the career decisions of internal medicine residents, but the influence was small compared with the effects of age and sex. These results suggest that market forces help to achieve more desirable generalist-to-specialist physician ratios in internal medicine.

Author and Article Information

From the Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, D.C. For current author addresses, see end of text.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Charles D. Killian, Robert A. Haynes, and Donald W. Abbott of the AAMC Office of Information Resources, Information Management and Research Resources Unit; Michael E. Whitcomb, Philip L. Szenas, and Deborah L. Walter of the AAMC Division of Medical Education; and Ingrid Philibert of the AAMC Division of Health Care Affairs.
Grant Support: In part by a grant from the Commonwealth Fund, a New York City-based private independent foundation. The views presented here are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its director, officers, or staff.
Requests for Reprints: Ernest Valente, PhD, Association of American Medical Colleges, 2450 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20037.
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Valente, Moy, and Griner, Ms. Wyatt, and Ms. Levin: Association of American Medical Colleges, 2450 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20037.