 |
 |
|
Home |
Current Issue |
Past Issues |
In the Clinic |
ACP Journal Club |
CME |
Collections |
Audio/Video |
Mobile |
Subscribe |
Tools |
Help |
ACP Online
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 June 1996 | Volume 124 Issue 11 | Pages 984-994
The ability to quantitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood and tissues from patients at all stages of disease has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of HIV disease. There is a dynamic equilibrium between HIV production and clearance even during the period of clinical latency, which may permit resistant virus to emerge with the imposition of drug pressure. Disruption of the equilibrium with effective drugs reduces circulating levels of HIV within 1 week, thus allowing the rapid assessment of new candidate drugs. To maximize the magnitude and durability of HIV RNA suppression, therapeutic strategies must be implemented that are effective against high levels of rapidly replicating virus that consist of many genetic variants.
Author and Article Information
From the University of California, San Diego, and the San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California.
UPDATE
Viral Dynamics of HIV: Implications for Drug Development and Therapeutic Strategies
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Jacqueline Martinez and Darica Smith for manuscript preparation.
Grant Support: By grants AI 27670, AI 36214, AI 29164, and AI 30457 from the National Institutes of Health; by the Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infection of the San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and by the California Universitywide Taskforce on AIDS.
Requests for Reprints: Diane V. Havlir, MD, University of California, San Diego Treatment Center, 2760 Fifth Avenue, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92103.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Havlir: University of California, San Diego Treatment Center, 2760 Fifth Avenue, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92103.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  O. J. D'Cruz, T. K. Venkatachalam, C. Mao, S. Qazi, and F. M. Uckun Structural Requirements for Potent Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sperm-Immobilizing Activities of Cyclohexenyl Thiourea and Urea Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Biol Reprod, December 1, 2002; 67(6): 1959 - 1974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. N. Chernoff The Significance of HIV Viral Load Assay Precision: A Review of the Package Insert Specifications of Two Commercial Kits J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill), October 1, 2002; 1(4): 134 - 140. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. S. Rousseau, J. O. Kahn, M. Thompson, D. Mildvan, D. Shepp, J.-P. Sommadossi, J. Delehanty, J. N. Simpson, L. H. Wang, J. B. Quinn, et al. Prototype trial design for rapid dose selection of antiretroviral drugs: an example using emtricitabine (Coviracil) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., October 1, 2001; 48(4): 507 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Ickovics, M. E. Hamburger, D. Vlahov, E. E. Schoenbaum, P. Schuman, R. J. Boland, J. Moore, and for the HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group Mortality, CD4 Cell Count Decline, and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Seropositive Women: Longitudinal Analysis From the HIV Epidemiology Research Study JAMA, March 21, 2001; 285(11): 1466 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Sharma Antiretroviral Resistance: Mechanisms, Detection and Clinical Implications Journal of Pharmacy Practice, December 1, 2000; 13(6): 442 - 456. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J. Hanna, V. A. Johnson, D. R. Kuritzkes, D. D. Richman, J. Martinez-Picado, L. Sutton, J. D. Hazelwood, and R. T. D'Aquila Comparison of Sequencing by Hybridization and Cycle Sequencing for Genotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2000; 38(7): 2715 - 2721. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Mutlib, H. Chen, G. A. Nemeth, J. A. Markwalder, S. P. Seitz, L. S. Gan, and D. D. Christ Identification and Characterization of Efavirenz Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and High Field NMR: Species Differences in the Metabolism of Efavirenz Drug Metab. Dispos., November 1, 1999; 27(11): 1319 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Baba, M. Okamoto, and H. Takeuchi Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Acutely and Chronically Infected Cells by EM2487, a Novel Substance Produced by a Streptomyces Species Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., October 1, 1999; 43(10): 2350 - 2355. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Mutlib, H. Chen, G. Nemeth, L.-S. Gan, and D. D. Christ Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Novel Mixed Diconjugates of the Non-nucleoside Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Efavirenz Drug Metab. Dispos., September 1, 1999; 27(9): 1045 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Baba, O. Nishimura, N. Kanzaki, M. Okamoto, H. Sawada, Y. Iizawa, M. Shiraishi, Y. Aramaki, K. Okonogi, Y. Ogawa, et al. A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity PNAS, May 11, 1999; 96(10): 5698 - 5703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Okamoto, T. Okamoto, and M. Baba Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Combination of Transcription Inhibitor K-12 and Other Antiretroviral Agents in Acutely and Chronically Infected Cells Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., March 1, 1999; 43(3): 492 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Huang, R. Chopra, G. L. Verdine, and S. C. Harrison Structure of a Covalently Trapped Catalytic Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: Implications for Drug Resistance Science, November 27, 1998; 282(5394): 1669 - 1675. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Pialoux, F. Raffi, F. Brun-Vezinet, V. Meiffredy, P. Flandre, J.-A. Gastaut, P. Dellamonica, P. Yeni, J.-F. Delfraissy, J.-P. Aboulker, et al. A Randomized Trial of Three Maintenance Regimens Given after Three Months of Induction Therapy with Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Indinavir in Previously Untreated HIV-1-Infected Patients N. Engl. J. Med., October 29, 1998; 339(18): 1269 - 1276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Pillay and M. Zambon Antiviral drug resistance BMJ, September 5, 1998; 317(7159): 660 - 662. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Nkengasong, M. Kalou, C. Maurice, C. Bile, M.-Y. Borget, S. Koblavi, E. Boateng, M. Sassan-Morokro, E. Anatole-Ehounou, P. Ghys, et al. Comparison of NucliSens and Amplicor Monitor Assays for Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in Plasma of Persons with HIV-1 Subtype A Infection in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 1998; 36(9): 2495 - 2498. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. R. Misener and R. L. Sowell HIV-Infected Women's Decisions to Take Antiretrovirals West J Nurs Res, August 1, 1998; 20(4): 431 - 447. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Gulick HIV Treatment Strategies: Planning for the Long Term JAMA, March 25, 1998; 279(12): 957 - 959. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Wong, H. F. Gunthard, D. V. Havlir, Z.-Q. Zhang, A. T. Haase, C. C. Ignacio, S. Kwok, E. Emini, and D. D. Richman Reduction of HIV-1 in blood and lymph nodes following potent antiretroviral therapy and the virologic correlates of treatment failure PNAS, November 11, 1997; 94(23): 12574 - 12579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Hammer, K. E. Squires, M. D. Hughes, J. M. Grimes, L. M. Demeter, J. S. Currier, J. J. Eron, J. E. Feinberg, H. H. Balfour, L. R. Deyton, et al. A Controlled Trial of Two Nucleoside Analogues plus Indinavir in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and CD4 Cell Counts of 200 per Cubic Millimeter or Less N. Engl. J. Med., September 11, 1997; 337(11): 725 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Corey and K. K. Holmes Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection -- What Have We Learned? N. Engl. J. Med., October 10, 1996; 335(15): 1142 - 1144. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-M. Farber, A. A. Barath, T. Dieye, F. P. Kroon, R. van Furth, S. M. Bruisten, S. K. Stanley, M. A. Ostrowski, and A. S. Fauci The Effects of Immunization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection N. Engl. J. Med., September 12, 1996; 335(11): 817 - 819. [Full Text]
|
|
Article
