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1 February 1995 | Volume 122 Issue 3 | Pages 174-178
Objective: To determine whether familial factors affect development of the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and upper airway caliber.
Design: A case–control study.
Setting: Tertiary, referral clinical sleep laboratory.
Participants: 51 first-degree relatives of patients with the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and 51 controls matched for age, sex, height, and weight who were drawn at random from a family practice register. To avoid studying the familial nature of obesity, only relatives of index patients with body mass indices less than 30.0 kg/m2 were recruited.
Measurements: Assessment of sleep-related symptoms; breathing, sleep, and oxygenation patterns on overnight polysomnograms; upper airway dimensions by acoustic reflection; and facial structure by lateral cephalometry.
Results: More relatives of patients with the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome reported snoring (24 relatives compared with 7 controls; P < 0.001) and daytime sleepiness (28 relatives compared with 16 controls; P = 0.01). Relatives had more apneas and hypopneas per hour (median of 13/h [95% CI, 3 to 82/h] for relatives compared with median of 4/h [CI, 0 to 53/h] for controls; P < 0.001), more arousals from sleep (30/h [CI, 11 to 87/h] for relatives compared with 17/h [CI, 4 to 59/h] for controls; P <0.001), poorer sleep quality, and more oxygen desaturations. Relatives also had narrower upper airways with retroposed maxillae and mandibles and longer soft palates with wider uvulae.
Conclusion: The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome has a strong familial component. The familial tendency may be caused by differences in facial structure.
Author and Article Information
From The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
ARTICLE
Family Studies in Patients with the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Dr. W. Patterson and partners for access to their registers for control participants.
Grant Support: In part by the Chest, Heart & Stroke Association (United Kingdom).
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