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1 February 1993 | Volume 118 Issue 3 | Pages 219-223
For many older persons, hospitalization results in functional decline despite cure or repair of the condition for which they were admitted. Hospitalization can result in complications unrelated to the problem that caused admission or to its specific treatment for reasons that are explainable and avoidable.
Usual aging is often associated with functional change, such as a decline in muscle strength and aerobic capacity; vasomotor instability; reduced bone density; diminished pulmonary ventilation; altered sensory continence, appetite, and thirst; and a tendency toward urinary incontinence. Hospitalization and bed rest superimpose factors such as enforced immobilization, reduction of plasma volume, accelerated bone loss, increased closing volume, and sensory deprivation. Any of these factors may thrust vulnerable older persons into a state of irreversible functional decline.
The factors that contribute to a cascade to dependency are identifiable and can be avoided by modification of the usual acute hospital environment by de-emphasizing bed rest, removing the hazard of the high hospital bed with rails, and actively facilitating ambulation and socialization. The relationships among physicians, nurses, and other health professionals must reflect the importance of interdisciplinary care and the implementation of shared objectives.
Author and Article Information
From the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
PERSPECTIVE
Hazards of Hospitalization of the Elderly
Requests for Reprints: Morton C. Creditor, MD, The Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160.
Grant Support: In part by a National Institute on Aging Geriatric Leadership Academic Award 5K07 AG-00413-03.
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